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What Is Biogas?
Biogas is a renewable alternative fuel. Basically rotting food waste, animal and human sewage is converted into gas by anerobic conversion in a digester. The process of anerobic conversion is what happens naturally at the bottom of ponds and results in the production of Marsh gas (Methane)
Biogas production by anaerobic digestion is popular for treating biodegradable waste because valuable fuel can be produced while destroying disease-causing pathogens and reducing the volume of disposed waste. The methane in biogas burns much more cleanly than coal, and produces more energy with less emissions of carbon dioxide.
The harvesting of biogas is an important role of waste management because methane is a greenhouse gas with a greater global warming potential than carbon dioxide. The carbon in biogas was generally recently extracted from the atmosphere by photosynthetic plants, so releasing it into the atmosphere adds less total atmospheric carbon than the burning of fossil fuels.
The technology is particularly valuable in agricultural, waste treatment or animal processing units where there is excess manure (e.g. pig, cattle, chicken, human) or farm waste. The waste (slurry) is stored in containers called digesters which vary in size from large scale units to smaller units suited to domestic applications.
As well as producing the gas (which is a mixture of Methane and CO2), biogas digesters also produce a high nutrient slurry fertilizer and supports better sanitation on farms.
Recently, developed countries have been making increasing use of biogas that has been generated from both wastewater and landfill sites where the gas is produced by automated biological treatment system
The most appropriate use of this gas is for domestic purposes. The gas can be piped to homes to provide a source of gas for cooking and heating.
Biogas is also used in factory boilers and in engine generator sets to produce electricity and heat. If internal combustion engines are fuelled with biogas to produce electricity, the factory can use the electricity or export it to the power grid. The factory can also use the heat from the engine exhaust and the cooling system for low-temperature heating needs in the plant (such as space heating, drying and pre-heating process materials).
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